East Clarendon Middle School    
PO Box 153  1101 Pope Street Turbeville, S.C. 29162     843.659.2187  Fax: 843.659.2192
Principal: Carol Lenderman, Ph.D.     Alt. School Director/Accel. Program Director: Ed Brogdon    Guidance: Faye Gamble

Updated:05/01/2008 
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Sims Homework 3/21

homework

Monday- worksheet

tuesday- wb 62,63,64,65,66,67

wed. study

thurs study

fri test on chapter 6 genetics

Chapter 5 section 3 Heredity

  1. DNA is located on the chromosomes in the nucleus
  1. deoxyribonucleic acid is the code in DNA
  1. A large DNA molecule is called a double helix, looks like a twisted ladder
  1. Each side of the ladder is made up of sugar phosphate molecules and the rungs are made of nitrogen bases.
  1. the sugar is called deoxyribose
  1. the nitrogen bases are adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine = A G C T
  1. C = G and A= T
  1. characteristic depend on the type of proteins the cells make
  1. the instructions for making a specific proteins are found in genes
  1. each chromosomes contains 100’s of genes 
  1. proteins are made of hundreds and thousands of amino acids
  1. changing the order of amino acids changes the protein
  1. genes are in the nucleus
  1. proteins are made in the ribsomes
  1. the codes for making proteins are carried by RNA to the ribosomes from the nucleus
  1. mutation are any permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene or chromosome
  1. mutations can be an extra chromosome, or  missing chromosome.
  1. outside factors  that can cause mutations are xrays, sunlight, chemicals

page 146- 147

Chapter 6 section 1 Genetics

  1. heredity- is the passing of traits from parent to offspring.
  1. allele- different forms of a trait
  1. traits are physical characteristics
  1. alleles are from each parent
  1. genetics the study of how traits are inherited
  1. Gregor Mendel was the first to trace one trait through several generations.
  1. He used probability to explain heredity.
  1. Mendel studied pea plants because they have many traits and produce a large number of offspring.
  1. hybrids have two different alleles for a trait
  1. purebred is one that always produces offspring with the same form of trait as their parent.
  1. The traits that Mendel studied were shape of seed, color of seed, color of pod, shape of pod, plant height, position of flower, flower color.
  1. Cross pollination is removing pollen from one plant and brushing it on the second plant. ( removal of stamen to prevent self-pollination)
  1. alleles are either dominant or recessive
  1. dominant- is one whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
  1. dominant allele always use capital letters.
  1. recessive is masked or covered up whenever the dominant allele is present
  1. recessive alleles will only show up if the dominant allele is not present
  1. recessive alleles use lower case letters.
  1. mendle studied over 30,000 pea plants in 8 year
  1. P generation is known as the parent generation
  1. Offspring were called F1 generation or first filial
  1. probability is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.
  1. punnett square is a tool that shows how the law of probability applies to genetics
  1. punnett square is a chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from genetic crosses.
  1. 1st parent is written across the top of the punnett square
  1. 2nd parent is written down the left side of the punnett square
  1. punnett square represents possible combinations
  1. phenotypes is it physical appearance or visible trait
  1. genotype is its genetic makeup of alleles
  1. blue eyes is a phenotype and Bb is a genotype
  1. homozygous an organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
  1. heterozygous is an organism that has two different allele for a trait.
  1. codominance- an inherited pattern
  1. dominant gene
bulletbrown eyes
bulletdimples
bulletfreckles
bulletunattached earlobes
bulletwidow’s peak
bulletfull head of hair
bullethair of fingers
bulletcurly hair
bulletcleft chin
bulletcan taste PTC
bullettongue twirl

 

Chapter 6 section 2 genetic

  1. incomplete dominance- homozygous traits make a intermediate phenotype

ex. –red flower + white flower = pink flower

      chestnut horse + cremello horse = palomino horse

  1. multiple allele- a trait controlled by more than two allele
  1. multiple alleles make more than three phenotypes
  1. blood typing is an example of multiple alleles with 5 phenotypes
  1. blood phenotypes are A, B, and O
  1.  

Blood type

Genotype

A

AO or AA

B

BO or BB

AB

AB

O

OO
  1. polygenic inheritance- occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together to produce a trait.
  1. eye color, height, skin color,  hair, milk production, wheat color, and egg production are examples of polygenic inheritance
  1. Environment also plays a role in the expression of traits controlled by polygenic
  1. Mutations- changes and errors in DNA
  1. mutations are harmful when it reduces the chance for survival or reproduction
  1. Chemicals can cause mutations like x-ray and radioactive substances
  1. Chromosome disorders extra or missing number of chromosomes
    bulletDown syndrome three copies of  chromosomes 21 -retardation
    bulletCri-du-chat syndrome lack # 5 – high cat like cry
    bullet22q11 syndrome- cleft lip/palate
  1. dominant genetic disorders if one parent carries the genes then passed on

ex. Dwarfism

  1. Recessive genetic disorders- both parents have a recessive allele for the disease and it is passed on
    bulletCystic fibosis – a disorder of lungs making thick mucus
    bulletTay-sack- fatal nervous system disorder
    bulletSickle cell anemia – abnormal shape blood doesn’t  produce hemoglobin
    bulletHemophilia- blood clots slowly
  1. sex linked gene disorders- an allele inherited on the sex chromosome
    bulletcolor blindness –only males can’t tell red and green
  1. sex determination is determine by the sex chromosome-
    bulletXX- female
    bulletXY male
  1. males carry both the female and male chromosome male determines sex of child
  1. pedigree- a visual tool for following a trait through generations of a family
  1. males are represented by square females circles
  1. completely filled square or circle shows the trait  half-circle carriers and empty circles do not have trait  and are not carriers
  1.  pedigree is also important in breeding plants and animals to determine certain traits

 

Chapter 6 section 3 advances

  1. genetic engineering –experimenting with genes
    bulletthey use biological and chemical methods to change the  arrangement of genes
    bulletgenes can also be inserted into cells to change how those cells perform their normal function
    bulletused to make large volumes of medicines
    bulletmakes plants resistant to disease
  1. recombinant DNA – GE is taking a useful segment of DNA from one organism and inserting it into a bacterium
    bulletinsulin
    bulletgrowth hormones
  1. gene therapy- involves inserting working copies of genes directly into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder.
  1. selective breeding- is the process of selecting a few organism with a desired trait to serve as parents of the next generation
  1. genome - of an organism is its whole hereditary information and is encoded in the DNA

 

Science Fair 2008 info

  

Click on picture to enlarge

 

Sims Homework week of 12/3

Monday- graph

Tuesday- graph

Wed. read pages 538-547 workbook pages 204-206

Thurs.- Read pages 548-554 workbook pages 207-209

Chapter 19

  1. chemical reaction- the process that produces a chemical change
  1. reactants – the substance that react
  1. product- the substance that forms as a result of the reaction
  1. chemical equation- shorthand that tells the reactants, products, physical state, and amount.
  1. chemical equations uses:

·        words

·        chemical names are called formulas

  1. Reactants + Reactants -à Products
  1. that arrow is produces
  1. there may be more than one product if so use + signs between each
  1. formulas- uses chemical names
  1. subscript- small number that tells how many of each atom is present
  1. conservation of mass- the mass of product is the same as the mass of the reactants
  1. balancing chemical equations- both sides are equal

Na + AlCl3 à NaCl + Al

KBr + Cl2 à KCl + Br

H2O2 à H2O + O2

  1. Energy released during a chemical reaction

·        Heat -exothermic or endothermic

·        Sound

·        Light

·        electricity

  1. endothermic reaction- absorbs heat
  1. exothermic reactions- releases heat
  1. activation energy- the minimum amt. of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
  1. rate of reaction- tells how fast a reaction occurs after it has started
  1. reaction rate affected by:

·        temperature changes and affects rate

·        concentration

·        surface area

  1. inhibitor a substance that slows  down a chemical reactio
  1. catalyst- speeds up a chemical reaction
  1. enzymes- a large protein molecules that speed up a chemical reaction needed for your body to work properly
  1. enzymes

·        body convert food to fuel

·        convert extra energy to fat

·        produce other enzymes

 

7th grade Science - check the 7th grade page week of 11-26

8th Grade Science as of 11-19-07

Our Science students have been studying the ways in which energy moves. At this time they should know what a wave is and how energy is moved in that wave. They also should know that waves of energy do not transport matter.

There are two main types of energy waves – mechanical and magnetic.

Students will be expected to distinguish between the two and recognize examples of each based on the properties that define each.

Textbooks pages that go along with this information are pages 502 – 508.


Homework Assignment #3 – Famous Scientist Wanted Poster Project Mrs. Gray

You will need a SMALL (the size of this paper) poster to include the following information using a marker so we can see it well…

1.     …a mug shot (we need to know what your scientist looks like)

2.     …a sentence telling why they are wanted (what made them famous)

3.      …First, Middle and Last name of your scientist

4.      …Birth Date and Year of Death (or age if they are still alive)

5.      …What country they were born in – and where they did their work

6.     …a Fact that you found interesting OR a quote by that person

 7.     …On the back of your poster, in your own words, write about what they are famous for, and why we can find them in books, magazines, or on the Internet

8.     …Write your name on the bottom right corner

9.    

 In three weeks, you will orally communicate who your scientist is and why they are wanted, in three to five minutes.

 

*A reminder – home projects are 10% of your science grade each nine weeks.  This paper is worth five additional points.

 

10.  The due date for this homework assignment is December 6 , 2007.

Rubric for your Wanted Poster

                                                                                                 Possible Total

1.  Poster with information on the back    ……..   30 points      _____                                                  

2. Oral presentation                                    ……..    20 points      _____

3. Mug shot                                                  ………   10 points      _____

4. Name and dates                                      ...……   10 points      _____

5. Country or countries                              ………   10 points      _____

6.  Fact or quote                                          ………   10 points      _____

7.  Neatness                                                  ……..   10 points      _____

                                                             

                                                                                 100 points    _____ SCORE

 

Sims' Science Homework for the week of Nov. 12-16

Monday- study for quiz on atoms notes 1,8-12,19-21,and 25-27 Read pages 488-493 workbook pages 187-189

Tuesday- Periodic table scavenger hunt

Wednesday- Review for test

Thursday- Test

Friday - Career Day

Chapter 17

  1. Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
  1. Light and heat do not take up space and they have no mass.
  1. atom is the small particle that makes up most types of matter.
  1. Democritus a Greek philosopher
    bulletAll matter is made of atoms
    bulletThere are empty spaces between atoms
    bulletAtoms are complete solids
    bulletAtoms do not have internal structure
    bulletAtoms are different in size, shape and weight
  1. law of conservation of matter – states that matter is not created or destroyed it only changes form.
  1. law of conservation of mass- states that the mass of an object does not change during a chemical or physical change
  1. Dalton’s atomic theory of matter
    bulletMatter is made up of atoms that are too small to see
    bulletEach type of matter is made of only one kind of atom
  1. an atoms is equal to about 1 million hairs lined up
  1. models are used to study atoms.

 

  1. http://education.jlab.org/qa/atom_model.htmlstructure of an atom
  1. parts of an atom
    bulletprotons- positive charged particle in the nucleus of an atom
    bulletneutron- uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom
    bulletelectron- invisible negative charge particle rotating outside and around nucleus
  1.  Electrons move around the nucleus in an orbit.
  1. elements- matter made of only one kind of atom
  1. 115 elements are known
  1. 90 elements occur naturally on earth
  1. 25 elements are synthetic elements means they are made by scientist

Text Box:       26       FE                   Iron    55.847

 

  1.                                 à atomic number – number of protons in nucleus

à element symbol –shorthand for table and formulas

àelement name -

àatomic mass- average mass of isotopes of elements

       18. isotopes-different neutrons in the same element

      19. mass number- is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

19. elements are organized on the periodic table by their properties

  1. The rows are called periods. Each row has the same energy level
  1. columns are called groups or families
  1. Three groups of elements
    bulletMetals
    bulletNonmetals
    bulletMetalloids
  1. metals
    bulletshiny
    bulletgood conductors or heat and electricity
    bulletmalleable- hammered into thin wire
    bulletductile- stretch into wire
    bulletopaque= will not let light pass through
    bulletsolid at room temperature
  1. nonmetals
    bulletdull
    bulletpoor conductors of heat and electricity
    bulletnon-ductile
    bulletbrittle- easily damaged
    bulletcan be solid liquid or gas
    bullethuman body is made of 97% nonmetals

 25. metalloids

bulletsolids at room temperature
bulletsome shiny
bulletmany conductors
bulletbetween metals and nonmetals on periodic table

 

7th grade homework Sims 10-15

Science

This week students will be conducting scientific investigations as a group.

Homework:

Monday create a line graph from the following data 1. the graph must have 3 titles 2. name the 3 variables 3. use the appropriate scale 4. write a conclusion

Bubbles

diameter in cm

bubbles             super bubble             regular bubble

                    1                     15cm                         10cm

                    2                     10                                 5

                    3                     12                                 16

                    4                     18                                 14

                    5                     22                                 11

                    6                     13                                 12

                    7                     16                                 11

                    8                     18                                 15

                    9                     15                                 15

                    10                     12                                 6

Tuesday create a line graph

Wednesday create a line graph

Thursday create a line graph

study for quiz on scientific method

 

7th grade homework Sims 10-1

Here are my homework assignments for the week.

Monday- Write 5 experimental research problems or questions

complete workbook page 5 and 7

Tuesday Write 2 hypothesis including 4 variables for the following questions.

1. Why doesn't an animal brethe at the same rate all the time?

2. What determines how high a balloon will rise?

3. What factors determine the length of a shawdow?

Wednesday- Identify variable worksheet

Thursday- Define variable operationally for the following

A study was done to determine if safety advertising had any effect on automobile accidents. Different number of billboards were put up in a city over a period of four months to see if the number of people hospitalized because of auto accidents was affected. In March, five billboards carried safety messages; in April ten; in May there were fifteen and June twenty. During each of these four months, a record of the number of people hospitalized because of accidents was measured.

give operational defintions for

safety advertising

automobile accidents

 

New Science from Sims 9-26-07

1.   Two ways to solve a problem

·       Descriptive research- answers questions through observation

·       Experimental research- answers questions by testing a hypothesis through controlled steps

 2.   Models- represent things that happen to slowly, too quickly, or are too big or too small or used instead of a dangerous situation.

 3. Experimental Research

 9 steps to the Scientific Method   

 1.   problem- use observations to propose a topic for experiment

2.   hypothesis – stating the solution or expected outcome for experiment

 3.   identifying of variables-  stating the changeable factors that can affect an experiment.  Only change the variable being tested.

§       Manipulated or independent variable- the variable being changed

§       Responding or dependent variable- the variable being measured

§       Control or constant- variables that do not change they are dept the same.

§       Defining variables operationally-explaining how to measure a variable in an experiment

§       Describing relationships between variables

 4. design the investigation- design an experiment by identifying materials and describing steps also known as procedures

         5.experimenting- carrying out an experiment by following steps so that it may be         repeated.

 6. acquiring data- collecting qualitative and quantitative data

7. organizing data in tables and graphs-

 8. analyzing investigations and their data-

§       interpreting data

§       identify human mistakes

§       experimental errors

§       evaluate the hypothesis

§        formulate conclusion

§       Recommend further testing

§       Understand cause and effect relationship- what caused what to happen and why

§       Formulate models- recognize patterns in data and make comparison to familiar objects

         9. drawing conclusion- the end results 

 

Science Information from Linda Gray 6th grade Science

Homework Assignment #2 – a Collection of Weather Data

You will need to create a weather journal (NOT A POSTER) where you …

1.       …design a data table to collect and display weather data for two weeks including the weekends starting today (September 10, 2007).

2.       …specifically identify clouds by observing them daily and describing what they look like (puffy - cumulus, stretched out - stratus, wispy - cirrus).

3.      …specifically record temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, wind speed from the weather report on television or weather.com on-line.

4.      …begin to use your observations to make predictions about the next day’s weather and then record your success (tally the times you were right and the times you were wrong and record as a fraction with the right predictions over the total)

5.      … In two weeks, you will orally communicate, in three to five minutes,…

 

1.       …a summary of your weather journal and what you learned as you observed.

2.       …your inferences about your weather observations

3.      …your success rate (as a percentage) in predicting future weather and what skills you used to predict

 *A reminder – home projects are 10% of your science grade each nine weeks.

 The due date for this homework assignment is Tuesday, September 25, 2007.

Rubric for your weather journal

                                                                                                Possible       Total

1.  your weather journal       ……………………   40 points      ___                 

2. oral presentation               ……………………   20 points      _____

3. clouds identified daily       …………………….   10 points      _____

4. weather data collected daily       ……………   10 points      _____

5. predictions and success rate       …………....  10 points      _____

6. neatness                            …………………….   10 points      _____

            Your grade                                         100 points    _____ points

 

Science Notes from Sims 7th grade

  1. measurement-

A.     Three types of metric measurements

§         Meters

§         Liters

§         Grams

B.     Metric prefixes

         K  h   d   b    d   c   m

King henry died by drinking chocolate milk.

K=kilo    h= hecta   d=deca  b base d= deci  c= centi    m=milli

 

K

H

D

B

D

C

M

Kilogram

hectagram

decagram

Grams

decigram

centigram

milligram

Kilometer

hectameter

decameter

Meter

decimeter

centimeter

millimeter

Kiloliter

hectaliter

decaliter

Liter

deciliter

centiliter

milliliter

C.     instruments used to measure length

§         meter stick

§         cm ruler

§         cm tape measure

§         trundle wheel

D.     Measure 10 objects using metric length.

E.       mass and weight

§         Weight- refers to how heavy an object is

§         Mass refers to how much matter the object is made of

                        F. the metric base unit of  mass is the gram

                        G. instruments used to measure mass

§         Balance scale

§         Triple beam balance scale

§         Pan balance scale

§         Scale

§         Electronic scale

§         Gram stackers

§         Spring scale –measure push or pull (force)

Measures in terms of Newtons (N)

                         H. mass and weight conversion

§         Measure objects in class converting to grams

1 ounce [oz]

437.5 grain

28.35 g

1 pound [lb]

16 oz

0.4536 kg

1 gram [g]

1,000 mg

0.0353 oz

1 kilogram [kg]

1,000 g

2.2046 lb

1 tonne [t]

1,000 kg

0.9842 ton

 

            I. measure objects in class  using all instruments

§         Convert weight to kg using calculators

             J. volume –how much liquid a subject can hold

             K. the basic unit of measurement for volume is liter

             L.      The basic unit of measure volume of a solid is cubic meters 1mX1mX 1m

     M.cubic centimeters are used to measure small objects cm3

     N.    1ml = 1 cubic centimeter

O.    Instruments used to measure volume

a.       Cylinder

b.      Flask

c.       Cubic box

d.      Beaker

e.       Container

P.      When measuring with a graduated cylinder with water and an object in the cylinder you should notice that the upper surface of the water is curved or crescent shape this is called meniscus         

Q.    Temperature in the metric system is measured in Celsius

             R.     Standard temperatures

§         Water boils 100º

§         Body temperature 40º

§         Water freezes  0º

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